Monday, April 19, 2010

The mother of the MP3

Dr. Karlheinz Brandenburg is often credited for fathering the MP3, but who is considered the mother?

According to Ewing (2007), “Karlheinz Brandenburg doesn't like being labeled the ‘inventor’ of MP3. He points out that the most popular format for digital music on the Internet is the work of at least a half-dozen core developers and many others who made important contributions.”

“Tom’s Diner” was written in 1981 by singer-songwriter Suzanne Vega and was eventually released on her 1987 studio album Solitude Standing.

Vega (2008) recounts the first time she was referred to as the mother of the MP3 by writing:

One day in 2000, I dropped my daughter, Ruby, off at nursery school and was approached by one of the fathers I didn’t know very well. Imagine my surprise when he said, “Congratulations on being the mother of MP3!” he said.

“Sorry?” I said, wondering what he was talking about.

“There is an article this week in a magazine called Business 2.0, calling you the ‘mother of the MP3.’ They used one of your songs to create it.”

“Really. Well, thanks. I’ll check it out.”

I ran home and found the article online.

The title was “Ich Bin Ein Paradigm Shifter: The MP3 Format is a Product of Suzanne Vega’s Voice and This Man’s Ears.”

“The MP3 fools the ear by eliminating the least essential parts of a music file…To create MP3 [Karlheinz] Brandenberg had to appreciate how the human ear perceives sound. A key assist in this effort came from Suzanne Vega. ‘I was ready to fine-tune my compression algorithm,’ Brandenberg recalls. “Somewhere down the corridor a radio was playing “Tom’s Diner.” I was electrified. I knew it would be nearly impossible to compress this warm a cappella voice.”

So Mr. Brandenberg gets a copy of the song, and puts it through the newly created MP3. But instead of the “warm human voice” there are monstrous distortions, as though the Exorcist has somehow gotten into the system, shadowing every phrase. They spend months refining it, running “Tom’s Diner through the system over and over again with modifications, until it comes through clearly. “He wound up listening to the song thousands of times,” the article, written by Hilmar Schmundt, continued, “and the result was a code that was heard around the world. When an MP3 player compresses music by anyone from Courtney Love to Kenny G, it is replicating the way that Brandenburg heard Suzanne Vega.” (para. 46-53)

For your listening and viewing pleasure, I have included the original video for "Tom's Diner" by Suzanne Vega.




Ewing, J. (2007, March 5). How MP3 Was Born. BusinessWeek. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/mar2007/gb20070305_707122.htm?chan=rss_topStories_ssi_5

Vega, S. N. (1981). Tom’s Diner. On Solitude Standing [CD]. New York, NY: A&M. (1987).

Vega, S.N. (2008, September 23). Tom’s Essay [Web log post]. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://measureformeasure.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/23/toms-essay/

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